病因学

病因

气虚少气懒言,神疲乏力,头晕,目眩,自汗。
阳虚畏寒肢冷,口淡不渴,或渴喜热饮,自汗,小便清长,或尿少浮肿,大便稀溏,面色晄白。
气陷头晕目花,脱肛,子宫脱垂,胃下垂。
气滞胀闷,疼痛,攻窜阵发。
肺气上逆咳嗽,喘息
胃气上逆呃逆,嗳气、恶心、呕吐
肝气上逆头痛,眩晕,昏厥,呕血
血虚面白无华或萎黄,唇色淡白,爪甲苍白,头晕眼花,心悸失眠,手足发麻,妇女经血量少色淡,经期错后或闭经
阴虚腰膝酸软、夜间盗汗、虚烦失眠、手足心热、口鼻干燥、干咳少痰或痰中带血、大便干燥
血瘀疼痛和针刺刀割,痛有定处,拒按,常在夜间加剧。肿块在体表者,色呈青紫;在腹内者,紧硬按之不移,称为症积。出血反复不止。色泽紫暗,中夹血块,或大便色黑如柏油。面色黧黑,肌肤甲错,口唇爪甲紫暗,或皮下紫斑,或肤表丝状如缕,或腹部青筋外露,或下肢筋青胀痛等。妇女常见经闭。
血热咳血、吐血、尿血、衄血、便血、妇女月经先期、量多、血热、心烦、口渴
血寒手足或少腹冷痛,肤色紫暗发凉,喜暖恶寒,得温痛减,妇女月经衍期,痛经,经色紫暗,夹有血块
津液不足口渴咽干,唇燥而裂,皮肤干枯无泽,小便短少,大便干结
水饮口渴但不想喝水
水肿面部或上肢肿,脚或下肢肿
痰证无痰,白痰,黄痰,痰多,痰不易吐出,血痰,肥胖
风证发热,恶风,头痛,汗出,咳嗽,鼻塞,流涕(清,白,黄/少,多)。肢体/颜面麻木不仁,口眼歪斜,或颈肩酸痛,四肢抽搐,或皮肤瘙痒。
寒证恶寒发热,无汗,头痛,身痛,喘咳,鼻塞手足拘急,四肢厥冷口渴喜热饮,腹痛肠鸣,泄泻,呕吐
暑证中暑,身体热,出汗多,汗出不止,口渴,疲乏,尿黄,卒然昏倒,气急,甚或昏迷惊厥
湿证潮湿则头胀而痛或如裹,胸闷,口不渴,口腻,身体沉重,各种关节沉重而酸痛屈伸不利,发热,四肢倦怠,小便清长
凉燥恶寒重,发热轻,头痛,无汗,咳嗽,喉痒,鼻塞,口干
温燥身热,微恶风寒,头痛,少汗,口渴,心烦,干咳,痰少,痰中带血,皮肤及鼻咽干燥,口干
火证身体热,口渴喝水多而不解渴,口渴喜冷饮,口苦,面红,目赤,心烦,多汗,鼻出血,吐血,皮肤斑疹,青春痘,痈脓
情志喜悦,焦虑,冲动,易怒,忧郁,思虑,悲伤,恐惧,易惊吓,孤独
性格外向,内向,内外向,急性子,慢性子
肺(魄)果断
肝(魂)倔强
心(神)爽快,热情,急性子,细心,不能宽容
胆大,胆小,犹豫不决,善变
脾(意)怀疑,信心不足
肾(志)意志力弱
饮食习惯饮食清淡,喜干躁饮食,喜食甜,喜食咸,喜食酸,喜食辣,喜食温热,喜食冷凉,喜食油腻,厌油腻食物
食积于胃胃脘胀满疼痛、嗳气味酸腐而臭、反酸,或吐不消化食物,吐后或矢气后胃脘胀痛减轻
食滞于肠腹痛肠鸣、泻下粪便恶臭如坏鸡蛋,泻后腹痛减轻

Etiology

Qi deficiencyLack of energy and no desire to speak □Fatigue (mental fatigue)  dizzy  vertigo  spontaneous sweating □low energy
Yang deficiencyAversion to cold  cold limbs  not thirsty prefer hot drink  clear and frequent urine  scanty urine with oedema  loose bowel motion  bright-pale complexion
Qi prolapsingDizzy  blurred vison  prolapse rectum  prolapse uterus  prolapse stomach
Qi stagnationGeneral body distended  moving pain
 Blood deficiencyPale / yellowish complexion  pale lips  pale nails  dizzy  blurred vision  palpitation insomnia  numbness of hands or feet  scanty period bleed  pale color delayed period amenorrhea
 Yin deficiencySore and weakness of lower back and knees  night sweating  insomnia  hot palms and soles dry mouth and nose  dry cough with minimal blood stained phlegm  dry stool
 Blood stasisStrong stabbing pain  localized pain, worsening by palpation  worsening during night  masses  clots  dark blackish complexion  scaly skin  dark purple lips  nails  Subcutaneous purpura  varicose vein  period with clots  amenorrhea
 Blood heatCough with blood  vomit with blood  urine with blood  nose bleeding  early period heavy bleeding  vexed  thirsty
 Cold bloodCold hands  cold feet  cold lower abdomen  cold skin with poor perfusion  aversion to cold, prefer warm  pain relieved by hot compress  delayed period  period pain  dark color period with clots
Body fluid deficiencyThirsty  dry throat  dry lips  dry skin  scanty urine  dry stool
PhlegmNo phlegm  white phlegm  yellow phlegm  productive phlegm  sticky phlegm  phlegm with stained blood  obesity
Exterior WindCough  dyspnea  block nose runny nose (clear, white, yellow discharge)  neck shoulder pain fever  headacheAversion to cold  sweating  numb limbs  numb face facial dropping  itchy skin
 Exterior ColdAversion to cold  no sweating  body ache  thirsty and prefer warm drink
 Summer heatSun stroke  body heat  profuse sweating  thirst  fatigue  dark urine  sudden collapsed  coma  convulsion
 DampFeel heavy head (binding sensation) □ Chest fullness  not thirsty  feel greasy in mouth  feel heavy limbs  joints stiffness  sore and pain  fever
 Cool-dryDry mouth, dry nose  cough headache  less sweating  absent sweating (anhidrosis)More aversion to cold  slight fever  cough  itchy throat  block nose
 Warm-dryFever  slight aversion to cold  thirsty  vexed  dry cough  less phlegm  blood in phlegm  dry skin
 FireBody heat  thirsty  thirsty not relieved after drinking  bitter taste in mouth  red complexion  red eye  vexed  profuse sweating  nose bleeding  vomit with blood  skin rashes  acne abscess or ulcers
PersonalityIntrovert  Extravert  ambivert  quick-temper  slow-temper  easily approachable
DietBland diet  solid food  spicy food  prefer oily food  dislike oily food